If you’ve ever walked through a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), you’ll know the atmosphere – quiet, sterile, filled with tiny machines keeping even tinier lives stable. What you might not see, though, is the emotional toll it takes on mothers standing behind that glass.
For many moms of premature babies, the NICU isn’t just a place of healing – it’s a battlefield of fear, hope, and heartache. Studies suggest that up to 70% of mothers with babies in NICU experience symptoms of anxiety or depression, and a significant number show signs of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) even months after discharge.
“Having a baby in NICU can be one of the most emotionally isolating experiences a mother faces,” says Sr Londe, independent midwife and Vital Baby South Africa’s trusted advisor. “You’re told to be strong, to hold it together. But inside, you’re scared and feel powerless.”
Unlike traditional postpartum depression, which often develops after birth, NICU-related mental health challenges can begin immediately; triggered by medical uncertainty, feelings of guilt, or the inability to bond physically with your baby.
“You may only be allowed to touch your baby for minutes at a time,” says Sr Londe. “That separation can deeply impact bonding and confidence.”
Feeling numb, struggling to sleep even when your baby is safe, replaying traumatic moments, or feeling disconnected from your child – these are all warning signs of trauma or depression. And yet, many mothers dismiss them.
“There’s still a stigma around maternal mental health,” says Sr Londe. “We need to normalise the conversation and remind mothers that they’re not alone.”
Talking to your healthcare provider, joining a support group, or connecting with a therapist who specialises in perinatal mental health can make a world of difference. Hospitals are also increasingly introducing peer-support programmes where NICU graduates’ parents help new families navigate the emotional maze.
“It’s okay to need help,” says Sr Londe. “You’re not failing as a mother, you’re processing an extraordinary experience.”
As the conversation around maternal mental health grows, brands like Vital Baby are helping raise awareness that caring for moms is as important as caring for their babies. Because behind every incubator, there’s a mother who needs healing too.
Vital Baby is a family-run business with over 45 years of experience in the baby industry. Our mission is to create products that make family time effortless and enjoyable for parents. The Vital Baby range is 100% BPA-free and covers every stage of your baby’s development, from feeding and weaning to hygiene and soothing. Explore the range online at Vital Baby® (vitalbabyshop.co.za) and enjoy delivery within South Africa or find us on shelf at Clicks and Dischem.
A study conducted by University of Louvain (UCLouvain), published in Nature Communications, shows that part of the brain of babies born blind is permanently altered, while another part remains surprisingly intact. Babies’ brains are much more adaptable than previously thought: even if they cannot see at the very beginning of life, they can later learn to recognise the world around them.
Some babies are born with early blindness due to dense bilateral congenital cataracts, requiring surgery to restore their sight. This period of several months without vision can leave a lasting mark on how the brain processes visual details, but surprisingly little on the recognition of faces, objects, or words.
Using brain imaging, the researchers compared adults who had undergone surgery for congenital cataracts as babies with people born with normal vision. The results are striking: in people born with cataracts, the area of the brain that analyses small visual details (contours, contrasts, etc.) retains a lasting alteration from this early blindness. On the other hand, the more advanced regions of the visual brain, responsible for recognising faces, objects, and words, function almost normally. These “biological” results have been validated by computer models involving artificial neural networks. This distinction between altered and preserved areas of the brain paves the way for new treatments. In the future, clinicians may be able to offer visual therapies that are better tailored to each patient.
“Babies’ brains are much more adaptable than we thought,” explains Olivier Collignon, Professor at University of Louvain (UCLouvain). “Even if vision is lacking at the very beginning of life, the brain can adapt and learn to recognise the world around it even on the basis of degraded information.”
These findings also challenge the idea of a single “critical period” for visual development. Some areas of the brain are more vulnerable to early vision loss, while others retain a surprising capacity for recovery. “The brain is both fragile and resilient,” adds Olivier Collignon. “Early experiences matter, but they don’t determine everything.”
The rate of children and adolescents experiencing high blood pressure worldwide nearly doubled between 2000 and 2020, according to a new meta-analysis published in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health journal.
In 2000, approximately 3.2% of children had hypertension, but by 2020, the prevalence had increased to more than 6.2% of children and adolescents under age 19, affecting 114 million young people around the world. The study suggests that obesity is a substantial driver of the increase in childhood hypertension, with nearly 19% of children and adolescents living with obesity affected by hypertension, compared to less than 3% in children and adolescents considered a healthy weight.
“The nearly twofold increase in childhood high blood pressure over 20 years should raise alarm bells for healthcare providers and caregivers,” said study author Prof Igor Rudan, Director of the Centre for Global Health Research at The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh (UK). “But the good news is that we can take steps now, such as improving screening and prevention efforts, to help control high blood pressure in children and reduce the risks of additional health complications in the future.”
Based on a meta-analysis of data from 96 large studies involving more than 443 000 children across 21 countries, the researchers found that how blood pressure is measured in children and adolescents can affect prevalence estimates. When hypertension is confirmed by a healthcare provider over at least three in-office visits, the prevalence was estimated to be approximately 4.3%. However, when the researchers also included out-of-office assessments such as ambulatory or home blood pressure monitoring, the prevalence of sustained hypertension climbed to about 6.7%. The research highlighted that conditions like masked hypertension – where hypertension is not detected during routine checkups – affect nearly 9.2% of children and adolescents globally, indicating potential underdiagnosis. Simultaneously, the prevalence of white-coat hypertension (a condition where a person’s blood pressure is elevated only when they are in a medical setting, such as a doctor’s office, but is normal at home or when measured with a home blood pressure monitor) was estimated at 5.2%, which suggests that a notable proportion of children might be misclassified.
“Childhood high blood pressure is more common than previously thought, and relying solely on traditional in-office blood pressure readings likely underestimates the true prevalence or leads to misdiagnosis of hypertension in children and adolescents. Early detection and improved access to prevention and treatment options are more critical than ever to identify children experiencing or at-risk for hypertension. Addressing childhood hypertension now is vital to prevent future health complications as children transition to adulthood,” said study author Dr Peige Song, of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine (China).
The analysis suggests that children and adolescents with obesity are at a nearly eight times higher risk of developing high blood pressure, with approximately 19% of children with obesity having hypertension, compared to 2.4% of children and adolescents considered to be within a healthy weight range. This happens because obesity can cause other health problems, such as insulin resistance and changes in blood vessels, which make it harder to keep blood pressure within a healthy range.
The study also suggests that an additional 8.2% of children and adolescents have prehypertension, meaning blood pressure levels are higher than normal but do not yet meet the criteria for hypertension. Prehypertension is especially prevalent during adolescence, with rates reaching around 11.8% among teenagers, compared to about 7% in younger children. Blood pressure levels also tend to increase sharply during early adolescence, peaking around age 14, especially among boys. This pattern emphasises the importance of regular blood pressure screening during these critical years. Children and adolescents with prehypertension are more likely to progress to full hypertension.
The authors acknowledge some limitations of the study, including data variability due to differences in measurement methods, study designs, and regional healthcare practices. Many of the articles included originated from low- and middle-income countries, which may influence the overall estimates’ applicability globally. Additionally, some specific hypertension phenotypes and out-of-office assessments had limited data. Lastly, practical barriers such as lack of access to advanced blood pressure monitoring tools in some areas could hamper widespread adoption of recommended diagnostic procedures.
Writing in a linked Comment, lead author Rahul Chanchlani of McMaster University (Canada), who was not involved in the study, said, “Harmonised diagnostic criteria, expanded out-of-office monitoring, and context-sensitive surveillance are essential next steps. Education of healthcare providers, families, and policymakers is also crucial. The integration and implementation of childhood hypertension into broader non-communicable disease prevention strategies is a priority, recognising that cardiovascular risk begins not in middle age, but in childhood. The task ahead is straightforward: to ensure that no child’s elevated blood pressure goes undetected, unrecognised, or untreated.”
A new breakthrough in a rare genetic disease which causes children to age rapidly has been discovered using ‘longevity genes’ found in people who live exceptionally long lives – over 100 years old. The research, by the University of Bristol and IRCCS MultiMedica, found these genes which helps keep the heart and blood vessels healthy during ageing could reverse the damage caused by this life-limiting disease.
This is the first study, published in Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, to show that a gene from long-lived people can slow down heart ageing in a progeria model. Also known as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), Progeria is a rare, fatal genetic condition of “rapid-ageing” in children.
HGPS is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene, which leads to the production of a toxic protein called progerin. Most affected individuals die in their teens due to heart problems, although a few, like Sammy Basso, the oldest known person with progeria, have lived longer. Sadly, late last year (24 October) at the age of 28 Sammy passed away.
Progerin damages cells by disrupting the structure of their nucleus leading to early signs of ageing, especially in the heart and blood vessels.
Currently, the only United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment is a drug called lonafarnib, which helps reduce the build-up of progerin. A newer clinical trial is now testing lonafarnib in combination with another drug called Progerinin to see if the combination works better.
In this study, researchers from Bristol Heart Institute, Dr Yan Qiu and Professor Paolo Madeddu, in collaboration with Professor Annibale Puca’s team at IRCCS MultiMedica in Italy, sought to explore whether genes from supercentenarians could help protect children with Progeria from the damaging effects of progerin.
The team focused on a ‘longevity gene’ found in centenarians, called LAV-BPIFB4. Previous research has showed that this gene helps keep the heart and blood vessels healthy during ageing.
Using mouse models genetically engineered to have Progeria, the research team were able to show early heart problems like those seen in children with the disease. The team found that a single injection of the longevity gene helped to improve heart function, specifically diastolic function.
It reduced heart tissue fibrosis and decreased the number of ‘aged’ cells in the heart. The gene also boosted the growth of new small blood vessels, which could help keep heart tissue healthy.
The team then tested the effect of the longevity gene in human cells from Progeria patients. Their findings showed adding the longevity gene to these cells reduced signs of ageing and fibrosis, without changing progerin levels directly. This suggests the gene helps protect cells from the effects of progerin, rather than removing it. Importantly, the treatment doesn’t try to eliminate progerin but instead helps the body cope with its toxic effects.
Dr Yan Qiu, Honorary Research Fellow in the Bristol Heart Institute at the University of Bristol, said: “Our research has identified a protective effect of a “supercentenarian longevity gene” against progeria heart dysfunction in both animal and cell models.
“The results offer hope to a new type of therapy for Progeria; one based on the natural biology of healthy ageing rather than blocking the faulty protein. This approach, in time, could also help fight normal age-related heart disease.
“Our research brings new hope in the fight against Progeria and suggests the genetics of supercentenarians could lead to new treatments for premature or accelerated cardiac ageing, which might help us all live longer, healthier lives.”
Professor Annibale Puca, Research Group Leader at IRCCS MultiMedica and Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Salerno, added: “This is the first study to indicate that a longevity-associated gene can counteract the cardiovascular damage caused by progeria.
“The results pave the way for new treatment strategies for this rare disease, which urgently requires innovative cardiovascular drugs capable of improving both long-term survival and patient quality of life. Looking ahead, the administration of the LAV-BPIFB4 gene through gene therapy could be replaced and/or complemented by new protein- or RNA-based delivery methods.
“We are currently conducting numerous studies to investigate the potential of LAV-BPIFB4 in counteracting the deterioration of the cardiovascular and immune systems in various pathological conditions, with the goal of translating these experimental findings into a new biologic drug.”
Findings from a trial comparing the real-world effectiveness of asthma inhalers could reshape how children with asthma are treated.
In the first randomised controlled trial to investigate the use of a 2-in-1 inhaler as the sole reliever therapy for children aged 5 to 15, an international team found the combined treatment to be more effective than salbutamol, the current standard for asthma symptom relief in children, with no additional safety concerns.
The results show that using a single 2-in-1 anti-inflammatory reliever inhaler – which combines the inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) budesonide and the fast-acting bronchodilator formoterol – reduced children’s asthma attacks by an average of 45%, compared to the widely-used salbutamol inhaler.
Asthma attacks in children may be life-threatening and reducing their frequency and severity is a public health priority.
The 2-in-1 budesonide-formoterol inhaler is widely recommended as the preferred reliever treatment for adults, but children are still usually prescribed salbutamol.
Researchers say the findings, published in The Lancet, provide the evidence needed to bring children’s global asthma guidelines into line with adults’, which could benefit millions of children around the world with mild-to-moderate asthma.
The CARE study (Children’s Anti-inflammatory REliever) was designed and led by the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (MRINZ), in collaboration with Imperial College London, University of Otago Wellington, Starship Children’s Hospital, and the University of Auckland. It recruited 360 children across New Zealand who were then randomly assigned to receive either budesonide-formoterol or salbutamol for on-demand symptom relief.
The trial lasted a year and the budesonide-formoterol reliever resulted in a lower rate of asthma attacks than salbutamol reliever, with rates of 0.23 versus 0.41 per participant per year. This means that for every 100 children with mild asthma who are switched from salbutamol to a 2-in-1 budesonide-formoterol inhaler, there would be 18 fewer asthma attacks per year. Importantly, the study also confirmed the safety of the combined-inhaler approach, with no significant differences in children’s growth, lung function, or asthma control between the two groups.
Dr Lee Hatter, lead author of the study and Senior Clinical Research Fellow at the MRINZ, said: “This is a key step in addressing the evidence gap that exists between asthma management in adults and children. For the first time, we have demonstrated that the budesonide-formoterol 2-in-1 inhaler, used as needed for symptom relief, can significantly reduce asthma attacks in children with mild asthma. This evidence-based treatment could lead to improved asthma outcomes for children worldwide.”
Professor Richard Beasley, Director of MRINZ and senior author of the study, said: “Implementing these findings could be transformative for asthma management on a global scale. The evidence that budesonide-formoterol is more effective than salbutamol in preventing asthma attacks in children with mild asthma has the potential to redefine the global standard of asthma management.”
The burden of asthma in the estimated 113 million children and adolescents with asthma worldwide is substantial. The latest study builds on previous studies in adults led by MRINZ researchers which shaped international asthma treatment guidelines. These findings contributed to the recommended use of the 2-in-1 ICS–formoterol reliever inhaler as the preferred reliever treatment for adults with asthma around the world.
The incorporation of findings from the CARE study into global asthma treatment strategies could help reduce disparities in care and ensure that more children access effective, evidence-based treatments.
The researchers say that global health organisations have long advocated for child-targeted asthma interventions, and their findings provide crucial evidence to support those efforts.
However, the authors acknowledge some limitations of the clinical trial. It was undertaken during the COVID-19 pandemic, during which stringent public health measures and fewer circulating respiratory viruses contributed to the lower than predicted rate of severe asthma attacks. The authors also acknowledge the challenges with the identification of asthma attacks in children, and the potential bias with the lack of blinding of the randomised treatments. They say though that the study’s findings are generalisable to clinical practice due to its pragmatic, real-world design.
Professor Andrew Bush, from Imperial College London, senior respiratory paediatrician and co-author of the CARE study, said: “Having an asthma attack can be very scary for children and their parents. I’m so pleased that we’ve been able to prove that an inhaler that significantly reduces attacks – already a game-changer for adults – is safe for children with mild asthma too. We believe this will transform asthma care worldwide and are excited to be building on this work with the CARE UK study.”
Professor Helen Reddel, Chair of the Science Committee of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), commented on the global significance of the study, saying that it fills a critically important gap for asthma management globally. Professor Reddel said: “Asthma attacks have a profound impact on children’s physical, social and emotional development and their prevention is a high priority for asthma care. It is in childhood, too, that lifelong habits are established, particularly reliance on traditional medications like salbutamol that only relieve symptoms and don’t prevent asthma attacks.”
Professor Bob Hancox, Medical Director of the New Zealand Asthma and Respiratory Foundation, said: “This is a very important study for children with mild asthma. We have known for some time that 2-in-1 budesonide/formoterol inhalers are better than the traditional reliever treatment in adults, but this had not been tested in children. This research shows that this 2-in-1 inhaler is effective and safe for children as young as 5. This information will help to reduce the burden of asthma for many children, and both they and their families will breathe easier because of it.”
Scientists have uncovered a link between COVID-19 control measures and a surge in serious infections in children following the pandemic.
The findings, which come from a large European study led by researchers at Imperial, suggest that non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) including lockdowns, school closures and social distancing may have inadvertently delayed the development of young children’s immunity to specific infectious diseases, leaving them more vulnerable to severe illness.
The researchers explain that while this impact was anticipated for viral infections (such as influenza and RSV), a surge in other infections, including the bacterial infection Strep A, had not been expected.
The authors advise the need to carefully weigh the impact of restrictions on children during future pandemics and stress the importance of development and delivery of vaccines to reduce the impact of severe infections across all age groups.
Associate Professor Tom Parks from Imperial’s Department of Infectious Disease, co-lead author on the study, said: “During the COVID-19 pandemic there was huge uncertainty about the spread and severity of a new disease and difficult decisions had to be made to protect vulnerable groups, as well as to maintain the health service. Restrictions like lockdowns and social distancing played a vital role in limiting the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which undoubtedly, saved countless lives, reduced the impact on health systems including the NHS and bought countries time to roll out vaccine programmes.
“However, our study shows they also disrupted how children built immunity during these critical early years. Children aged 3-4 tested for Strep A immunity after the pandemic were approximately a year behind children tested before the pandemic. This difference in immunity appears to have contributed to the alarming rise in severe Strep A infections seen across Europe during 2022 and 2023.”
Strep A infections
Strep A (Group A Streptococcus) is a common type of bacteria that typically causes throat infections and scarlet fever. While most infections are mild, in rare cases Strep A can cause invasive infections which can be fatal. Each year, around half a million people, including many children and young people, die around the world because of serious Strep A infections.
Previous research has shown that while rates of Strep A infections fell dramatically during the pandemic, many countries recorded a surge in infection rates once restrictions were lifted.
In the latest study, the team examined immune responses in 452 children aged 0-4 year old across 10 European countries that participated in two EU-funded studies: PERFORM and DIAMONDS.
They found that children aged 3-4 who were exposed to NPIs during the pandemic had significantly lower levels of antibodies to Strep A compared to children of the same age who were sampled before the pandemic. The findings correspond exactly with the age group that experienced the greatest increase in life-threatening Strep A infections after NPIs were removed in England.
The researchers also found similar delays in immunity to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), another common and potentially serious childhood infection, and a small reduction in immunity to some common cold viruses.
Professor Shiranee Sriskandan, co-director of Imperial’s Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology and co-lead author said: “Strep A is one of the leading causes of unexpected death from sepsis in otherwise healthy children, and we know that sadly disease progression can be exceptionally rapid, making prevention – rather than intervention – our best option to reduce deaths. This study underlines the importance of immunity among young children in preventing outbreaks of serious strep A infections and highlights the value of developing a vaccine for Strep A.
Professor Mike Levin, from Imperial’s Department of Infectious Disease, who led the DIAMONDS and PERFORM studies, said: “Many of the children who had Strep A infections also had viral infections at the same time. Children appear to have been vulnerable to several infections all at once most likely because they had encountered fewer infections and so had little chance to build up immunity.”
Every day for ten years, Surgeons for Little Lives has stood beside children and families, providing life-saving care and support.
Professor Jerome Loveland, Founder and Chair of Surgeons for Little Lives at the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital paediatric surgery department
For the past ten years, Surgeons for Little Lives has stood as a lifeline for thousands of children at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH) in Soweto – the largest hospital in the southern hemisphere. In a healthcare system often stretched to its limits, this dedicated non-profit organisation has filled critical gaps with compassion, resilience and an unwavering belief that every child deserves the best possible care.
Since its founding in 2015, Surgeons for Little Lives has walked hand-in-hand with doctors, nurses, patients and families, not only providing vital resources but transforming the hospital experience for young patients. From upgrading surgical wards and equipment, to nurturing the next generation of paediatric specialists and creating welcoming, family-friendly spaces that offer comfort in the darkest moments – its work has made healing more than just a medical process. It’s become a human one.
“Our first ten years have shown what’s possible when people come together with one shared purpose: to save and uplift the lives of children,” says Professor Jerome Loveland, Founder and Chair of Surgeons for Little Lives. “We are deeply proud of what has been accomplished – but we know the need is growing. That’s why we will continue, every single day, to build capacity, inspire future leaders, and give every child a fighting chance at a brighter future.”
Why this work matters
South Africa has one of the highest burdens of paediatric surgical disease in the region. Children make up nearly 40% of the population, yet there are too few specialists and limited facilities to meet the demand. Severe burns, congenital conditions, childhood cancers and trauma are common, and without surgery many children would not survive.
At CHBAH alone, the paediatric surgery department sees more than 11,000 patients each year and performs over 2,300 operations. Surgeons for Little Lives works closely with the Department of Health to turn overstretched wards into spaces where children can recover with dignity.
3,650 days of achievement
Hospitals can be intimidating places for children. Surgeons for Little Lives has transformed the hospital environment with projects like an outdoor play area for recovering patients, family sleep-over facilities, and a fully revamped Ward 32 with a library, playroom, and upgraded bathrooms. Most recently, the organisation launched the Wells Paediatric Burns Unit, which doubled ICU beds, improved infection control, and added rehab spaces. For families, these changes mean children receive life-saving surgery and care in an environment designed with their needs in mind.
Beyond facilities, Surgeons for Little Lives has created programmes that focus on children’s emotional and physical wellbeing. Healing Through Art & Music gives young patients a way to process trauma through creativity and the SCAN programme, launched in 2023, helps to detect and prevent child abuse. In partnership with the South African Breastmilk Reserve, Surgeons for Little Lives also set up lactation support for new mothers. Other practical initiatives – from discharge packs to Mandela Day donations – have provided small comforts that make a big difference in long hospital stays.
Training for the future
Paediatric surgeons are scarce, and training takes years. Over the past decade, Surgeons for Little Lives has supported the journey of 17 qualified surgeons and backed another 15 registrars currently in training, supplying equipment like surgical loupes and funding access to academic opportunities. In 2024, the first Rolls Royce Oncology Fellow, Dr Andinet Beza from Ethiopia, trained at CHBAH before returning home with new skills. “This initiative, along with other training efforts, is helping to build the next generation of paediatric surgeons equipped to deliver world-class care. Training these specialists is a responsibility we take seriously and a privilege we don’t take for granted,” says Prof Loveland.
Community and partnerships
Community engagement has been central to the success of Surgeons for Little Lives. Fundraising events such as Bara Ride and Joberg2C, together with job shadowing opportunities for young people, have brought South Africans closer to the realities of paediatric care. Volunteers and donors provide not just resources but also comfort to families who spend weeks or months at a child’s bedside.
“This impact has only been possible thanks to the support of partners,” says Prof Loveland. “Contributions from corporates, foundations, and philanthropists have funded essential equipment, upgraded facilities, supported family-centred programmes, and helped fill critical gaps in care, ensuring that more children receive the treatment they need.”
10 years in numbers
11,000+ patients seen in the paediatric surgery department each year
2,300+ operations performed annually at CHBAH
3,000+ burns patients treated since 2015
Mortality halved in the burns unit after upgrades
ICU beds increased from 6 to 11 in 2025
17 paediatric surgeons trained; 15 registrars in training
Hundreds of families supported with sleep-over spaces, counselling, lactation services and more
Join us
Surgeons for Little Lives invites supporters, partners and the wider community to join in building the next chapter. By funding new projects, volunteering time or raising awareness, everyone can help ensure that more children get the surgery and support they deserve.
For its 10th anniversary, the organisation is calling on the public to donate R365 – one rand for every day of the year. In hospital that amount can cover burn dressings for a child, a week of meals for a parent at their child’s bedside or supplies for play therapy to make recovery less frightening, among many other things.
Breastfeeding until at least six months helps babies to fight off infections and reduces chronic inflammation, according to a new study. And better understanding the way specific nutrients in breast milk impact the immune system will improve health outcomes for all infants including those not breastfed.
The study, led by Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (MCRI) and the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (Baker Institute), discovered more clues as to why infants who were breastfed to at least six months of age had fewer infections and less chronic inflammation. Preventing these infections could reduce the rates of many childhood conditions, such as allergies, diabetes and asthma.
Published in BMC Medicine, the researchers identified several types of lipids (essential nutrients) in blood samples from breastfed babies that help reduce inflammation, which may reflect the unique nutritional composition of breastmilk.
MCRI’s Dr Toby Mansell said plasmalogens, a unique type of lipid abundant in breastmilk, appeared key to lowering inflammation.
“Plasmalogens are only found in breastmilk and are generally absent in formula milk, so a better understanding of how plasmalogens and other lipids unique to breastmilk protect against chronic inflammation will help pave the way for new treatments for infants who don’t receive breastmilk,” he said.
The study involved almost 900 infants from the Barwon Infant Study, a collaboration between MCRI, Barwon Health and Deakin University.
The study explored about 800 different lipids and other metabolic markers in babies up until 12 months of age. It found breastfeeding was associated with broad effects on different classes of lipids and metabolic markers.
Baker Institute’s Dr Satvika Burugupalli said the findings would lead to a new understanding of how breastfeeding and specific components of breast milk could benefit infants.
“Breast milk performs a central role in supporting a newborn’s immune system,” she said. “It’s loaded with essential nutrients, including lipids, as well as antibodies and white blood cells.
“This study has identified key biological pathways for how breastfeeding improves immune health and reduces inflammation that can lead to many childhood conditions, such as allergies and asthma, and the risk of adult cardiovascular disease and diabetes.”
Researchers from the University of Melbourne, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Northwestern University and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health also contributed to the study.
Preterm infants born before 32 weeks who received more skin-to-skin contact while in the hospital showed stronger brain development in areas tied to emotion and stress regulation than babies who received less skin-to-skin care, according to a study published in Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. The study can only show an association and cannot establish causation.
“Skin-to-skin contact in preterm infants has been shown to have many benefits, with previous studies linking it to improved bonding, sleep, heart and lung function and growth, as well as reduced pain and stress,” said study author Katherine E. Travis, PhD, of Burke Neurological Institute in White Plains, New York. “Our findings in infants born very preterm suggest skin-to-skin care may also play a role in shaping early brain development, highlighting the potential importance of caregiving experiences during the earliest weeks of a preemie’s life.”
he study included 88 preterm infants with an average gestational age of 29 weeks who weighed an average of 2.65 pounds. The average stay in the hospital was two months. The goal was to find out whether skin-to-skin holding, also called kangaroo care, was linked to brain development in areas that help regulate emotions and stress. Researchers tracked skin-to-skin care with family members throughout each infant’s hospitalisation, including how long each session lasted and the total minutes per day. Families visited an average of once per day. When they provided skin-to-skin care, the average session was around 70 minutes with 73% of sessions provided by mothers. For the entire hospital stay, the average amount of skin-to-skin care per day was 24 minutes.
Each infant received a brain scan before going home from the hospital – around the time they would have reached full-term age of around 40 weeks. The brain scans measured how water moves through brain tissue. This movement helps reveal how white matter – the brain’s communication network – is developing. Researchers then compared the markers of white matter with the amount of time the preemies received skin-to-skin care per session and per day.
For skin-to-skin duration per session, researchers found longer sessions were linked to higher mean diffusivity – how freely water moves through the brain – in two key brain regions: the cingulum, which supports attention and emotion regulation; and the anterior thalamic radiations, which connects areas involved in emotional processing and memory.
Longer sessions were also linked to lower fractional anisotropy – how water movement is influenced by developing cellular tissues – in the anterior thalamic radiations. For daily total minutes of skin-to-skin care, researchers found higher amounts were linked to higher mean diffusivity in the anterior thalamic radiations. They were also linked to lower fractional anisotropy in the anterior thalamic radiations. These associations remained significant even after researchers accounted for factors that could influence brain development, including gestational age at birth, age at time of scan, socioeconomic status and how often family visited.
“Our findings add to growing evidence that white matter development is sensitive to a preterm infant’s experience while in the hospital,” said Travis. “Skin-to-skin care not only provides preterm infants with family connections through bonding, it may also be encouraging new connections within the brain itself, improving a baby’s brain health overall.”
A limitation of the study is that it was conducted at a single hospital and researchers reviewed existing medical records. The authors note that future research should explore how early caregiving experiences – like skin-to-skin care – might shape brain development and support later behavioural outcomes as preterm infants grow.
For many South African parents, few things are more stressful than watching their baby’s delicate skin flare up with redness, dryness, or tiny itchy patches. Baby eczema, also called atopic dermatitis, affects up to 1 in 5 children worldwide – and while it’s common, it can leave parents feeling worried and overwhelmed.
But the good news is, with the right skincare routine, baby eczema is manageable. And no, it doesn’t mean your little one will always struggle with sensitive skin.
“Parents are often surprised to learn that baby eczema is not a sign that they’re doing something wrong,” says Karen Van Rensburg, spokesperson for Sanosan South Africa. “It’s a common skin condition linked to an underdeveloped skin barrier, and the key is to protect and strengthen that barrier with gentle care.”
Baby eczema usually shows up between two and six months of age. It can appear on the face, behind the ears, on the arms, legs, or even the chest. The skin becomes dry, red, itchy and, in some cases, scaly.
“Triggers vary,” explains Van Rensburg. “It could be heat, dry air, soaps with harsh ingredients, or even certain fabrics. Understanding what sparks your baby’s flare-ups is an important step in managing the condition.”
So what can parents do at home? Here are some dermatologist-approved tips:
1. Keep baths short and sweet Stick to lukewarm water and limit bath time to 5–10 minutes. Avoid bubble baths and fragranced soaps.
2. Moisturise immediately after bathing Lock in hydration by applying a fragrance-free, gentle moisturiser while your baby’s skin is still slightly damp.
3. Choose your products wisely Opt for creams specifically designed for sensitive baby skin. Look for formulas enriched with natural oils, chamomile, or panthenol – like those found in Sanosan’s baby skincare range.
4. Watch the wardrobe Dress your baby in soft, breathable cotton and avoid scratchy fabrics like wool. Always wash new clothes before wearing.
5. Spot and soothe flare-ups early At the first sign of redness or irritation, apply a gentle, protective cream to calm the skin.
6. Don’t overheat the room Babies with eczema are often sensitive to heat. Keep the nursery cool and use a humidifier if the air feels very dry.
7. See a healthcare professional when needed If the rash is severe, infected, or your baby seems very uncomfortable, always seek medical advice.
“Parents sometimes think stronger products will ‘fix’ eczema faster,” says Van Rensburg. “But baby skin is incredibly delicate. Harsh ingredients strip away natural oils and make things worse. Gentle, consistent care is far more effective in the long run.”
Baby eczema can feel daunting, but with the right care and patience, most little ones outgrow it as their skin barrier matures. In the meantime, gentle skincare, lots of cuddles, and a watchful eye on triggers can make the world of difference.
“Think of it as supporting your baby’s skin while it learns to protect itself,” Van Rensburg adds. “You’re not just treating eczema – you’re helping build a healthy foundation for life.”
Sanosan focuses on natural ingredients and gentle formulas for healthy skin. Using active ingredients specially tailored to your baby’s skin, natural milk protein is the central ingredient in Sanosan and is especially nourishing. More than 90 % of the ingredients are of natural origin such as organic olive oil, and the formulations are biodegradable.
Safety first: all products are clinically tested and are free from parabens, silicones, paraffins, SLS / SLES and phenoxyethanol. For more info visit sanosan.co.za
