An experimental drug developed at Duke University School of Medicine could offer powerful pain relief without the dangerous side effects of opioids.
Called SBI-810, the drug is part of a new generation of compounds designed to target a receptor on the nerves and spinal cord. While opioids flood multiple cellular pathways indiscriminately, SBI-810 takes a more focused approach, activating only a specific pain-relief pathway that avoids the euphoric “high” linked to addiction.
In tests in mice, SBI-810 worked well on its own and, when used in combination, made opioids more effective at lower doses, according to the study published in Cell.
Even more encouraging: it prevented common side effects like constipation and buildup of tolerance, which often forces patients to need stronger and more frequent doses of opioids over time.
SBI-810 is in early development, but Duke researchers are aiming for human trials soon and have secured multiple patents for the discovery.
There’s an urgent need for non-opioid pain relievers. Researchers said the drug could be a safer option for treating both short-term and chronic pain for those recovering from surgery or living with diabetic nerve pain.
SBI-810 is designed to target the brain receptor neurotensin receptor 1. Using a method known as biased agonism, it switches on a specific signal – β-arrestin-2 – linked to pain relief, while avoiding other signals that can cause side effects or addiction.
“The receptor is expressed on sensory neurons and the brain and spinal cord,” Ji said. “It’s a promising target for treating acute and chronic pain.”
SBI-810 effectively relieved pain from surgical incisions, bone fractures, and nerve injuries better than some existing painkillers. When injected in mice, it reduced signs of spontaneous discomfort, such as guarding and facial grimacing.
Duke scientists compared SBI-810 to oliceridine, a newer type of opioid used in hospitals, and found SBI-810 worked better in some situations, with fewer signs of distress.
Unlike opioids like morphine, SBI-810 didn’t cause tolerance after repeated use. It also outperformed gabapentin, a common drug for nerve pain, and didn’t cause sedation or memory problems, which are often seen with gabapentin.
Researchers said the compound’s dual action – on both the peripheral and central nervous systems– could offer a new kind of balance in pain medicine: powerful enough to work, yet specific enough to avoid harm.
What happens when trust – the cornerstone of healthcare – is broken? In South Africa, the answer is increasingly found in litigation. As medical malpractice claims soar and public confidence in health systems teeters, the call for urgent reform is unmistakable. At the centre of this complex issue lies a simple truth: Risk is inevitable but unmanaged risk is unforgivable.
Leandren Naidoo, Manager of Business Risk Solutions at OLEA South Africa, says, “Medical malpractice is more than a legal matter, it’s a profound rupture in the sacred relationship between healthcare providers and patients. At its core, it is about harm – physical, psychological and often, emotional. But it is also about dignity. Neuroscientific studies show that psychological injury registers in the brain in much the same way as physical harm. Yet, while a physical injury may receive swift attention, a bruised sense of dignity can linger and fester indefinitely.
Leandren Naidoo, Manager of Business Risk Solutions, OLEA South Africa.
“The perceived violation of dignity can fuel resentment, prolong trauma and, ultimately, drive patients to seek justice in courtrooms rather than consulting rooms.”
What is driving the rise in malpractice claims?
Across the globe, medical malpractice claims are on the rise. In South Africa in 2023 a parliamentary report revealed that medico-legal claims, against the state, exceeded R78 billion, nearly tripling over the past decade. In high-risk disciplines like obstetrics, claims have risen by over 25% annually.
He says, “several forces are converging to create this perfect storm. Greater public awareness of patient rights, aggressive legal marketing and the adoption of ‘no win, no fee’ legal models have all made it easier to pursue claims.”
So, what does medical malpractice incorporate?
Errors and omissions, care related injuries, misdiagnosis, incorrect dispensing or prescription of medication, unnecessary surgery or treatment and medical equipment related injuries.
Court or conversation: What works best for resolving claims?
Naidoo says, “despite perceptions of rampant litigation, most malpractice cases never reach court. An estimated 95% of claims are resolved before trial, often on the proverbial courthouse steps. The reasons are manifold. Overloaded dockets, lengthy trial timelines (often five to seven years) and soaring legal costs.
“But there’s a deeper problem, courtrooms aren’t designed to resolve emotional trauma. Patients often seek validation more than victory,” he says, “They want to be heard, not just compensated.”
Why is risk management more urgent than ever?
In an environment where claims are increasing by 3 to 4% annually and legal defence costs are rising by 6 to 8%, risk management is no longer optional, it’s essential. It’s the only true defence healthcare providers have against both reputational damage and financial ruin.
What does effective risk management look like in practice?
Patient safety protocols: Clear procedures to minimise errors, from surgical checklists to medication audits.
Staff training: Empowering healthcare professionals with up-to-date clinical and legal knowledge.
Record-keeping: Robust documentation that supports clinical decisions and protects against unfounded claims.
Communication strategies: Cultivating a culture of transparency, apology and early intervention.
Insurance alignment: Ensuring cover matches exposure, taking into account both damages and escalating legal fees.
Practitioners and medical institutions need to assess their limit of indemnity carefully. “An obstetrician can pay up to R1.7 million annually in premiums. This isn’t just a cost, it’s a risk exposure that needs to be planned for.”
What are the highest-risk disciplines and the cost of getting it wrong?
While all medical professionals face some risk, certain specialties are far more vulnerable:
Obstetrics: Cerebral palsy claims can reach R48 million
Neurosurgery: Brain and spinal complications
Orthopaedics: Post-surgical disabilities
Emergency medicine: Delays or misdiagnosis
Average claim amounts range between R300 000 and R12 million. High-end cases, particularly involving children, can exceed R40 million. This is because claims, involving minors, extend the period of prescription until three years after they reach 18, significantly increasing potential compensation.
Can the right insurance really make a difference?
“Absolutely,” says Naidoo. “Medical malpractice indemnity insurance provides cover for the following: Arbitration costs, court judgement and awards made against the insure, expert legal fees and support, court costs, settlement costs and attorney’s (and mediation) fees.”
Insurance is not merely a financial product, it’s a strategic partnership. A good insurer doesn’t just pay claims, they help prevent them. At OLEA South Africa, for instance, brokers conduct detailed situational audits of healthcare institutions to assess operational risks.
“As brokers we advise which insurer will be the most effective for that particular institution or medical practitioner. It’s about education, not just insurance,” Naidoo explains. “We want to develop a system and environment where malpractice is unlikely. But, if it does happen, the tools must be available to resolve it constructively.”
Is the media making things worse?
Yes and no. On the one hand, media coverage of high-profile cases has increased accountability. On the other, it has inflated public expectations. Patients increasingly equate any adverse outcome with negligence, leading to an uptick in opportunistic claims.
Moreover, the rise of “ambulance chasing” has introduced a dangerous incentive structure. In 2024 alone, the SIU flagged over 2 800 suspicious malpractice cases, many driven by legal marketing, rather than genuine harm.
This places additional pressure on doctors, who may resort to defensive medicine, ordering unnecessary tests, referrals or procedures. Not to improve care but to avoid liability.
Most importantly, healthcare institutions must view risk management not simply as a compliance exercise but as a moral imperative.
And final words from OLEA South Africa
We value our healthcare practitioners immensely. To our doctors and nurses, you carry the weight of life and death every day. But you shouldn’t carry it alone. Equip yourselves with the tools, training and protection you need to do your job with confidence
To insurers and brokers: Be more than policy providers. Be educators, allies and defenders of dignity
To patients: Know your rights but also recognise your responsibilities. Healthcare is a partnership, not a transaction
And to policymakers: Prioritise patient safety, not just with funding but with forward-thinking reforms that streamline resolution, reduce conflict and restore trust
Because, at the heart of it all is one shared goal. Protecting people. And there’s no greater purpose in healthcare than that.
Every beep, tone and new sound you hear travels from the ear to registering in your brain. But what actually happens in your brain when you listen to a continuous stream of sounds? A new study from Aarhus University and University of Oxford published in Advanced Science reveals that the brain doesn’t simply register sound: it dynamically reshapes its organisation in real time, orchestrating a complex interplay of brainwaves in multiple networks.
The research, led by Dr Mattia Rosso and Associate Professor Leonardo Bonetti at the Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University, in collaboration with the University of Oxford, introduces a novel neuroimaging method called FREQ-NESS – Frequency-resolved Network Estimation via Source Separation. Using advanced algorithms, this method disentangles overlapping brain networks based on their dominant frequency. Once a network is identified by its unique frequency, the method can then trace how it propagates in space across the brain.
“We’re used to thinking of brainwaves like fixed stations – alpha, beta, gamma – and of brain anatomy as a set of distinct regions”, says Dr Rosso. “But what we see with FREQ-NESS is much richer. It is long known that brain activity is organised through activity in different frequencies, tuned both internally and to the environment. Starting from this fundamental principle, we’ve designed a method that finds how each frequency is expressed across the brain.”
Opens the door to precise brain mapping
The development of FREQ-NESS represents a major advance in how scientists can investigate the brain’s large-scale dynamics. Unlike traditional methods that rely on predefined frequency bands or regions of interest, the data-driven approach maps the whole brain’s internal organisation with high spectral and spatial precision. And that opens new possibilities for basic neuroscience, brain-computer interfaces, and clinical diagnostics.
This study adds to a growing body of research exploring how the brain’s rhythmic structure shapes everything from music cognition to general perception and attention, and altered states of consciousness.
“The brain doesn’t just react: it reconfigures. And now we can see it”, says Professor Leonardo Bonetti, co-author and neuroscientist at Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University, and at the Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, University of Oxford. “This could change how we study brain responses to music and beyond, including consciousness, mind-wandering, and broader interactions with the external world.”
A large-scale research program is now underway to build on this methodology, supported by an international network of neuroscientists. Due to the high reliability across experimental conditions and across datasets – FREQ-NESS might also pave the way for individualised brain mapping, explains Professor Leonardo Bonetti.
The Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention Clinic at Helen Joseph Hospital in Johannesburg was forced to shut down in mid-May after losing all its funding from the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Photos: Elna Schütz
Hundreds of cervical cancer patients will likely be referred to overburdened hospitals following the closure of the Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention Clinic at Helen Joseph Hospital in Johannesburg.
Following over 20 years of operations, the clinic was forced to shut down in mid-May after losing all its funding from the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). It relied on some financial reserves to taper its activities over several months. Most clinic staff have been let go.
The clinic served women who were referred from across Johannesburg and as far as Springs. A significant part of that group lives with HIV.
“Many of these women are from underserved communities with limited access to specialist care,” says Dr Mark Faesen, Specialist Gynaecologist with the Clinical HIV Research Unit (CHRU).
The clinic offered critical cervical cancer screening and follow-up services, including Pap smears and colposcopies – a cervical examination for abnormalities. The clinic was managing around 1,400 patients annually. “It served as a clinical and research hub, preventing many cancers,” Faesen says.
We spoke to Zinhle (name changed) who was screened at the clinic after feeling ill for a year and who sought help at four different hospitals.
“When I got [to this clinic], I was received with a warm welcome,” she says, emphasising that every step of the process was explained to her and she was made to feel comfortable. “Where else are we supposed to go?”
Zinhle says she is deeply upset that she can no longer be treated at the clinic if she needs it again.
Faesen says the clinic’s closure will put immense pressure on other public hospitals offering these services, like Rahima Moosa or Chris Hani Baragwanath. This is likely to lead to longer waiting times for screening, diagnosis and treatments. “Early detection is important,” Faesen says. “Without timely diagnosis, outcomes are far poorer.”
Lorraine Govender, the National Manager of Health Programmes at the Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA) says they are deeply concerned by the closure, as it is a serious setback in the ongoing fight against the disease.
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women in South Africa, and results in the most deaths. It is curable if diagnosed and treated early. A Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination also reduces the risk of cervical cancer. While low screening rates and backlogs in treatment have been long-standing across the country, Johannesburg appears to be particularly burdened. The shutdown of this clinic adds to a larger shortage of screening and treatment in Gauteng.
The Department of Health has previously stated that while it has improved vaccination efforts against cervical cancer, “screening and treatment are lagging behind”. The national health policy calls for women aged 30 to 50 to be screened at least three times in their lives. Women living with HIV should be screened at least every three years.
Cervical cancer screening services are limited and overwhelmed at most public hospitals, Faesen says. “The funding cuts have a knock-on effect: increasing patient loads at the few remaining colposcopy clinics.”
Lorraine Govender, the National Manager of Health Programmes at the Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA) says they are deeply concerned by the closure, as it is a serious setback in the ongoing fight against the disease.
“Cervical cancer is both preventable and treatable when detected early, making continued access to screening services vital … The closure of this Johannesburg clinic must be a call to action,” Govender says.
Faesen stresses the urgent need for increased funding for decentralised screening services to fill the gaps created by clinics like the one at Helen Joseph Hospital. “Equipping more public sector sites with colposcopy capability and training personnel is also essential.”
New research has found that those who consume a diverse range of foods rich in flavonoids, such as tea, berries, dark chocolate, and apples, could lower their risk of developing serious health conditions and have the potential to live longer.
The study was led by a team of researchers from Queen’s University Belfast, Edith Cowan University Perth (ECU), and the Medical University of Vienna and Universitat Wien.
The findings reveal that increasing the diversity of flavonoids within your diet could help prevent the development of health conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and neurological disease.
Flavonoids are found in plant foods like tea, blueberries, strawberries, oranges, apples, grapes, and even red wine and dark chocolate.
The study in Nature Food followed over 120 000 participants aged 40–70 for over a decade. It is the first study of its kind to suggest that there is a benefit to consuming a wide range of flavonoids beyond that of simply consuming a high quantity.
ECU Research Fellow, first author and co-lead of the study Dr Benjamin Parmenter, made the initial discovery that a flavonoid-diverse diet is good for health.
“Flavonoid intakes of around 500mg a day was associated with a 16% lower risk of all-cause mortality, as well as a ~10% lower risk of CVD, type 2 diabetes, and respiratory disease. That’s roughly the amount of flavonoids that you would consume in two cups of tea.”
Dr Parmenter added, however, that those who consumed the widest diversity of flavonoids, had an even lower risk of these diseases, even when consuming the same total amount. For example, instead of just drinking tea, it’s better to eat a range of flavonoid-rich foods to make up your intake, because different flavonoids come from different foods.
“We have known for some time that higher intakes of dietary flavonoids, powerful bioactives naturally present in many foods and drinks, can reduce the risk of developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and neurological conditions like Parkinson’s,” study co-lead Professor Aedín Cassidy from the Co-Centre for Sustainable Food Systems and Institute for Global Food Security at Queen’s said.
“We also know from lab data and clinical studies that different flavonoids work in different ways, some improve blood pressure, others help with cholesterol levels and decrease inflammation. This study is significant as the results indicate that consuming a higher quantity and wider diversity has the potential to lead to a greater reduction in ill health than just a single source.”
Professor Tilman Kuhn from the Medical University of Vienna, Universitat Wien and Queen’s University Belfast was also a co-lead author, noted that the importance of diversity of flavonoid intake has never been investigated until now, making this study very significant as the findings align with popular claims that eating colourful foods are invaluable to maintain good health.
“Eating fruits and vegetables in a variety of colours, including those rich in flavonoids, means you’re more likely to get the vitamins and nutrients you need to sustain a healthier lifestyle,” he said.
The first-ever dietary guidelines for flavonoids were released recently recommending increasing the consumption of flavonoids to maintain health.
“Our study provides inaugural evidence that we may also need to advise increasing diversity of intake of these compounds for optimal benefits,” Dr Parmenter said.
“The results provide a clear public health message, suggesting that simple and achievable dietary swaps, such as drinking more tea and eating more berries and apples for example, can help increase the variety and intake of flavonoid-rich foods, and potentially improve health in the long-term,” Professor Cassidy added.
